Income Inequality in the U.S.

This is an interesting paper (abstract) by economist Edward Glaeser exploring why there’s so much income inequality in the U.S. as compared to other rich, European nations. Glaeser posits that ethic heterogeneity and different kinds of political institutions are the main drivers.

He also touches on American exceptionalism. 60% of Americans believe the poor are lazy, while only 29% of Europeans think so, even though the prospects for economic mobility are virtually the same. How we are indoctrinated – in schools, in society – makes a big difference. Why are Americans so uncomfortable with socialist ideas, and why do so many of us think the poor should just go to work, whereas Europeans view the poor as "good people beset by forces outside of their control"?

(Hat tip: David Roth)

On Stereotyping, Racial Profiling, Pit Bulls, Arabs, and Malcolm Gladwell

Racial profiling is really thorny and I’m the last one who’s going to have an original solution to the problem. So I enjoyed Malcolm Gladwell’s New Yorker article on stereotypes and generalizing and then Ross Douthat’s call for Steve Sailer to blast it and sure enough Steve’s blistering critique of Gladwell. I’m now more confused than I was before, but that’s a good thing.

Voodoo Still Winning in West African Country of Benin

Why, how lovely:

Link: Benin | Voodoo still wins | Economist.com (subscribers only)

A WOMAN in a bright dress dances round in a tight circle, the pumping artery of a headless chicken pressed to her mouth. Nearby, another woman carries a slaughtered goat on her shoulder, sucking on its red neck as she cavorts around. Benin’s national day of voodoo, earlier this month, may not be how Hollywood would have portrayed it, but it comes close. “The women are not drinking the blood,” a voodoo expert, Martine de Souza, explains. “The animals have been sacrificed to the spirits, and the women have been possessed by the spirits, who are accepting the sacrifice.”

Since 1996, voodoo has officially been a national religion of Benin, a small west African republic, where more than 60% of the people are said to believe in it. Slaves from this corner of Africa brought the religion to the New World, most notably to Haiti. Its tenets echo those of many African religions. There is a supreme god, Mahu, and a number of smaller gods or spirits, with whom humans can negotiate.

How Girls Got So Casual About Oral Sex

Oral sex among teens has suddenly become a big deal. I blogged earlier about all the rah-rah about a new study that said 50% of teens have had oral sex, or when Cornel West equated cocaine, oral sex, and blogs as all evils among adolescents.

Caitlin Flanagan wrote a long, funny, and serious essay/book reviews in the latest Atlantic on this topic, although she can’t avoid the cliched pun when closing with a serious point about feminism ("Here are America’s girls: on their knees.")

She writes with charming accuracy (from my viewpoint) on how oral sex became hip, how the media went bonzo over it, how parents attempt to transmit do’s and don’ts, and how over-eager gender studies professors try to turn this into the latest patriarchal domination story. She also examines the feminist implications of all this, even meandering into ghangsta culture and what it means that girls taught to exercise their free will and be aggressive are deciding to listen to rap music which is telling them to lick and suck. This deserves its own article and was a bit of a distraction.

Of course the reason why oral sex is an interesting trend for we feminists to look at is it’s apparently a one-way street. Flanagan concludes:

…A girl may derive a variety of consequences, intended and otherwise, from servicing boys in this manner, but her own sexual gratification is not one of them. The modern girl’s casual willingness to perform oral sex may—as some cool-headed observers of the phenomenon like to propose—be her way of maintaining a post-feminist power in her sexual dealings, by being fully in control of the sexual act and of the pleasure a boy receives from it. Or it may be her desperate attempt to do something that the culture refuses to encourage: to keep her own sexuality—the emotions and the desires, as well as the anatomical real estate itself—private, secret, unviolated. It may not be her technical virginity that she is trying to preserve; it may be her own sexual awakening—which is all she really has left to protect anymore.

Our Evolving National Character: Are Unique Cultural Attributes Gone?

Paul Starobin has a great essay in the current Atlantic on how American culture is less distinctive than it once was but it still remains different in certain ways. Unfortunately, the parts that have faded were attractive to foreigners and those that remain are viewed w/ disdain.

At the inaugural Silicon Valley Junto meeting we discussed Americanism as an idea (see notes from meeting). What makes someone American is a murky topic. Perhaps we would point to the things Starobin opens with:

Let’s try to think of an original American tableau—the sort of scene, not happening elsewhere, that shows just how very different we are from all others. We might point to the wide-bottomed twelve-year-old, fresh from his double cheeseburger with fries, plunging into the neighborhood pool. Or to the pasty-faced workaholic, hunched over his computer in a lonely cubicle late at night. Death row comes to mind (few other countries routinely execute criminals), and so do images of people freely doing things that would land them in jail elsewhere. No other nation is as legally tolerant of Holocaust deniers, flag burners, and users of the N-word—not even our progenitor the United Kingdom.

Enter: globalization.

But in a shrinking world it is getting harder to think of distinctive American scenes without invoking the Grand Canyon or Maine lobster. It is particularly striking how few of the cutting-edge things in American society are uniquely American. Male teenagers the world over ogle the same pornographic images on the Internet. Circles of friends swap digital photos on their mobile phones in London, Moscow, and Hong Kong just as they do in Los Angeles. Worried about our video-game addicts? It was a South Korean who recently dropped dead after playing the battle-simulation game StarCraft for nearly fifty hours straight. Much of what Americans may now think of as culturally or technologically novel has already happened elsewhere: the kind of WiFi system that San Francisco aims to establish in its public places already exists in Tokyo….

If American culture and society are losing their historically distinctive cast, perhaps it is good news—at least for our foreign relations. America has long stood out from the crowd, in ways that seem to have complicated as much as helped our relationships with other states. If a global culture is slowly emerging—if our values have blended with others through some subtle osmosis—we might expect our international relations to become less fractious.

Of course this has not been the case, both in international relations and in Europe’s appreciation for our culture. So…is American exceptionalism all just hogwash? Yes.

Our remaining exceptionalism resides in our culture’s striking combination of deep religious faith and nearly libertarian social permissiveness. These qualities don’t rub elbows easily, and their twinned presence separates the United States from nearly all other countries, rich or poor.

He then goes on to talk about the surveys about much much other countries hate us…with a couple exceptions.

In international relations—as sometimes in personal ones—too long an acquaintance can be an irritant. But except for some testy episodes in the 1970s in which America sided with Pakistan, the United States and India have little history to mar the honeymoon atmosphere. Indians, unlike those hectoring Europeans and smoldering Chinese, seem content to take America as it is, without judgment. This is a relief. As much as we want to be liked, we are happiest when we are allowed to be our natural selves. In that we are exactly like everyone else.