Reciprocity and Lust, Built Into Our Brains

Richard Dawkins explains the similarity between reciprocity and sexual lust:

The selfish gene accounts for altruism toward kin and individuals who might be in a position to reciprocate your altruism.

Now, there is another kind of altruism that seems to go beyond that, a kind of super-altruism, which humans appear to have. And I think that does need a Darwinian explanation. I would offer something like this: We, in our ancestral past, lived in small bands or clans, which fostered kin altruism and reciprocal altruism, because in these small bands, each individual was most likely to be surrounded by relatives and individuals who he was going to meet again and again in his life. And so the rule of thumb based into the brain by natural selection would not have been, Be nice to your kin and be nice to potential reciprocators. It would have been, Be nice to everybody, because everybody would have been included.

It’s just like sexual lust. We have sexual lust even though we know perfectly well that, because we’re using contraception, it is not going to result in the propagation of our genes. That doesn’t matter, because the lust was built into our brains at a time when there was no contraception.

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Here is my earlier post on reciprocity titled Why Are We Kind to Strangers?

How One of Twitter’s Largest Shareholders Launched His Career

With Twitter’s IPO, the press is publishing glowing profiles of the company’s executives and early investors. The praise is well deserved. But it can be easy to forget, amidst the write-ups of all the wealth that’s been generated, that the bright minds behind Twitter were not born geniuses or born successful. They had to hustle to get where they are.

After all, co-founder Ev Williams was born a Nebraska farm boy. Co-founder Biz Stone was raised on food stamps. Co-founder Jack Dorsey battled a childhood speech impediment and grew up in middle class St. Louis.

Or consider my friend Chris Sacca. Today he is one of Twitter’s biggest shareholders and has served as a longtime advisor to the company. He’s an active angel investor. Previously he worked as head of special projects at Google.

But not so long ago, Chris was an out-of-work attorney in desperate need of income to help him pay off his student loans from law school.

Chris began sneaking in through the back door of networking and tech industry events, utilizing his Spanish-language skills to smooth-talk the workers in the kitchen to let him in. Once he was at the event, he realized that handing his new acquaintances a business card that listed only his name — and no employer — wasn’t impressing anyone.

So he hatched a clever plan to boost his credibility at the events he attended: create a consulting firm and employ himself there. He made new business cards, hired a developer to build a website, and enlisted his fiancée to draw a corporate logo. Then he returned to the same networking events with new business cards that read, “Chris Sacca, Principal, Salinger Group.” Suddenly, the people he met were interested in talking more. Through these connections he eventually landed an executive job at a wireless company, and his career took flight.

Sneaking in the back door of networking events toting business cards with a made-up company name to seem marginally more impressive so people will talk to you? Yup. Every great entrepreneur — or investor — displays extraordinary hustle and resourcefulness and ingenuity. One of my favorite examples in Silicon Valley is Pandora founder Tim Westergren, who pitched the company to over 300 VC’s before receiving any funding. We profile him in The Start-Up of You.

Hustle is hard to deconstruct; it’s not something you “learn” like you would accounting or public speaking. It’s more a state-of-mind that develops — or doesn’t develop. I’ve found the best way to develop a readiness and enthusiasm to hustle is to read stories of people like Sacca and Westergren and be inspired by all the little things they did to get to where they are. Especially when they’re in the headlines and it all seems preordained. It wasn’t. And that’s inspiring.

LinkedIn’s Series B Pitch Deck to Greylock

Reid recently published the pitch deck he used to raise money for LinkedIn in 2004, when it didn’t have a dime in revenue, from Greylock Partners. Alongside the original slides, he includes historical context and relevant pitch advice for entrepreneurs. It’s a treasure trove of information. Mandatory reading for anyone raising money from VCs, or anyone looking for context on the amazing company Reid co-founded. In a separate post, he also summarizes more briefly his top overall lessons on pitching VCs.

Special thanks to Ian Alas on our team who spent several months working on this. It will go down as a piece of Silicon Valley history.

Practice vs. Practice That Leads to Refinement

Herbert Lui writes:

As Ira Glass so famously put it, the best way to refine your craft is to create a huge volume of work. Not to create the most perfect piece you can, but to create many pieces of work.

To which the always-worth-reading Will Wilkinson responds (in a post that seems to have disappeared):

This strikes me as correct, incorrect, and boring. That practice makes perfect is not news. But perfect is unlikely to be made unless one practices toward it. It’s not possible to do or make something really well without a huge investment of time and energy, and most of that has to be spent on what amount to mundane excercises. Writing thousands of blog posts is good practice for writing generally, and I believe it has improved my prose. Yet this sort of thing is not good practice for refining one’s writing unless one tries to write with increasing refinement. Otherwise, one develops ingrained habits of shittiness. Perhaps the greatest hazard of journalism is that one accedes sooner or later to the norm of clarity, to the debased idea that the aim of style is efficient communication. The perfection of prose lies in the music, energy, and intelligence of expression, and one doesn’t approach it by hammering out volumes of airplane magazine writing.

That said, one can’t write oustanding stories or outstanding books  just by polishing sentences, or fixating on any other single element of the larger craft. One must write stories and books, and the more of them one writes, the better they’ll get. But, duh.

As he says, duh, but worth remembering. I was “practicing” my public speaking for several years, but until recently (!), wasn’t actually refining my skills in an intentional way. Probably the same with my writing — I’m ingraining whatever habits I’m ingraining. I’m not actively improving. I’d like to change that, as I’m doing with speaking.

Speaking of writing, here’s an interesting couple paragraphs on whether Updike was an artist or just an expert craftsman with words, on whether good writing is good enough:

One can open the Collected Stories to almost any page and find a surprising metaphor, a lovely description, or a wry morsel of irony without remembering much of anything about story that contains it. The stories that I’d already read and admired, the ones widely regarded as Updike’s best — “Pigeon Feathers,” “A Sense of Shelter,” “In Football Season,” “The Persistence of Desire,” “The Happiest I’ve Been,” and, of course, “A&P,” for decades a stalwart of high school curricula — now strike me as a largely comprehensive list, in little need of emendation in light of Updike’s larger corpus.

The curious paradox of Updike is that he made art into a craft, but only rarely did he transcend craft to achieve art. In a sense, then, the answer to [critic James] Wood’s question [“of whether beauty is enough”] is that beauty is not enough, at least not the beauty of finely tuned prose and vivid images that was Updike’s specialty. Art requires the wedding of aesthetics and morals, and the case might be made that the morals are more important; few people would call Dostoyevsky a beautiful writer, but even fewer would contest that he was a great artist.

San Francisco’s New Entrepreneurial Culture

My old friend Nathan Heller has a new piece in the New Yorker about how youthful go-getter entrepreneurs, and the companies they’re founding, are remaking the culture of San Francisco. I am quoted in the piece. It’s impressionistic — it gives you a feel of the place — more than it advances a single overriding thesis. This sentence caught my attention:

[San Francisco contains a] rising metropolitan generation that is creative, thoughtful, culturally charismatic, swollen with youthful generosity and dreams—and fundamentally invested in the sovereignty of private enterprise.

 Worth a read.